Teeth whitening is a conservative procedure utilized to overcome tooth discoloration. Malic acid and ellagic acid obtained from white pomegranate can be used to whiten teeth. Aim: The purpose of this research was to evaluate the efficacy of white pomegranate extract gel as a bleaching agent against tooth discoloration and its effects on the enamel surface. Materials and methods: Forty-eight mandibular incisors were utilized as samples. All teeth were submerged for 12 days in the coffee solution. Utilizing spectrophotometry, tooth discoloration was measured. After being soaked in a coffee solution and then in a white pomegranate extract gel, the item was dried. Group I: Ten teeth soaked in white pomegranate extract gel with a concentration of 70%. Group II: Ten teeth soaked in white pomegranate extract gel with a concentration of 80%. Group III: Ten teeth soaked in white pomegranate extract gel with a concentration of 90%. Group IV: Around 10% of carbamide peroxide gel as a positive control for 10 teeth. Each specimen was immersed for 4 hours per day for 7 days. Using a spectrophotometer, tooth discoloration was assessed following immersion in white pomegranate gel extract and carbamide peroxide gel, and with a stylus profilometer, the surface roughness of the enamel was assessed. Results: The Delta E value of 90% white pomegranate extract gel was higher than the positive control. The average surface roughness value of white pomegranate extract gel increased with an increase in its concentration; hence, 70% of white pomegranate extract gel had the least enamel surface roughness. Conclusion: Based on the results, group III (90% white pomegranate extract gel) was determined to be the most effective as a teeth-whitening agent, and group I (70% white pomegranate extract gel) showed the least surface roughness. White pomegranate extract gel has an influence on tooth discoloration and teeth whitening attempts.

Aim: The present in vitro study was undertaken to assess the surface topographic changes of Gutta-percha (GP) cones after disinfection with a new disinfecting material and to compare the same with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and chitosan nanoparticles using an atomic force microscope (AFM). Materials and methods: Forty gutta-percha cones (ISO Size 30, 6% taper, DIADENT) were taken and randomly divided into four groups: Group A – control (untreated gutta-percha cones, n = 10), group B – 5.25% NaOCl (n = 10), group C – Curcumin Nano-dispersion (n = 10), and group D – Chitosan Nano-dispersion (n = 10) respectively. After being treated with the respective disinfection materials for 1 minute, the surface topography of the gutta-percha cones was assessed using atomic force microscopy. Results: Among the experimental groups, the root mean square (RMS) values and surface roughness (Ra) values were highest for sodium hypochlorite and least for the chitosan group. For the curcumin nanoparticle group, the values were between these two groups. Conclusion: Within the scope of this in vitro study, it is evident that the groups treated with chitosan and curcumin nanoparticles experienced less surface deterioration than those treated with NaOCl. Consequently, these nanoparticles could be considered alternative disinfectants for gutta-percha cones. Clinical significance: The success of root canal treatment depends on the complete removal of microorganisms from the root canals. To maintain aseptic conditions, gutta-percha disinfection is required. Chitosan nanoparticles and curcumin nano-dispersion can be a promising disinfecting agent for gutta-percha cones with less surface topographic changes.

Aim: The aim of this case report is to document the successful apexification of a taurodontic, non-vital permanent mandibular second molar in a 13-year-old patient, utilizing calcium hydroxide (CaOH) as intracanal medication. Background: Immature taurodontic teeth with necrotic pulp present a significant challenge for conventional endodontic therapy. These cases require specialized treatment approaches to promote root development and closure of the apical foramen, essential for the long-term preservation of the affected tooth. Case description: A 13-year-old patient presented with a taurodontic, necrotic permanent mandibular second molar associated with pain. Following access opening and thorough cleaning and shaping of the canals, CaOH was applied as an intracanal medicament to induce apical root closure in both mesial and distal canals. Over a period of 10 months, successful root closure was observed, and the tooth was subsequently obturated. Conclusion: This case report highlights the successful apexification of a taurodontic, necrotic permanent molar using calcium hydroxide, with positive clinical and radiographic outcomes observed at a 1-year follow-up.

The removal or separation of a mandibular molar root along with a portion of the crown is called hemisection. This treatment option is appropriate when there is irreparable decay, resorption, perforation, or periodontal damage limited to one root while the other root remains healthy. Hemisection helps preserve the tooth attachment apparatus and surrounding bone, and may aid in the placement of a fixed prosthesis. In this case report, hemisection was successfully done to save pressure-induced resorption of the distal root of the mandibular second molar. The combination of hemisection and prosthetic rehabilitation resulted in a satisfactory outcome. Through careful planning and precise surgical management, the negative consequences of tooth loss can be avoided.