Journal of Operative Dentistry & Endodontics

Register      Login

VOLUME 6 , ISSUE 1 ( January-June, 2021 ) > List of Articles

REVIEW ARTICLE

Endodontic File Systems with Special Emphasis on Self-adjusting Files: A Comprehensive Review

Burhan A Misgar, Virinder Goyal, Puneet Goyal, Tishya Koul, Deeksha Sharma, Tavleen Kour

Citation Information : Misgar BA, Goyal V, Goyal P, Koul T, Sharma D, Kour T. Endodontic File Systems with Special Emphasis on Self-adjusting Files: A Comprehensive Review. J Oper Dent Endod 2021; 6 (1):14-23.

DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10047-0108

License: CC BY-NC 4.0

Published Online: 30-11-2021

Copyright Statement:  Copyright © 2021; The Author(s).


Abstract

This article represents a thorough understanding in relation to cleaning and shaping of root canal system which is of utmost importance for the success of treatment. Numerous systems and techniques are used for effective cleaning and shaping of the root canals and management and prevention of endodontic disease. This article reviews availability, ease of use, cost- and time-effectiveness, cyclic and torsional fatigue, cross-contamination, shaping ability, cleaning efficacy and removal of smear layer, ability to remain centered, and apical extrusion of various filing systems, which are used in the preparation of canal with special emphasis on self-adjusting files.


HTML PDF Share
  1. Lyon KF. Endodontic instruments for root canal therapy. Clin Tech Small Anim Pract 2001;16(3):139–150. DOI: 10.1053/svms.2001.28166.
  2. Abrar S, Jaiprakash R, Mahala H, et al. Comparative evaluation of efficacy of endodontic irrigant delivery to working length using conventional needle syringe, endovac and self-adjusting file system on prepared mesiobuccal canal of mandibular first molar by using radiographic contrast media: an in vivo study. Int J Dentistry Oral Sci 2019;6(6):706–710. DOI: 10.19070/2377-8075-19000139.
  3. Weine FS. Basis for successful endodontics. In: Endodontic therapy. 6th ed. Mosby: Elsevier; 2004. p. 1–23.
  4. Yared G. Canal preparation with only one reciprocating instrument without prior hand filing. A new concept. Int Dent SA 2011;2(2):78–87.
  5. Flores AG, Pastenes A. Evolution of instruments in endodontics-literature review. Int J Dent Oral Health 2019;5(6):1–5. DOI: 10.16966/2378-7090.306.
  6. Bergmans L, Van Cleynenbreugel J, Wevers M, et al. Mechanical root canal preparation with NiTi rotary instruments: rationale, performance and safety. Am J Dent 2001;14(5):324–333. PMID: 11803999.
  7. Walia H, Brantley WA, Gerstein H. An initial investigation of the bending and torsional properties of Nitinol root canal files. J Endodont 1988;14(7):346–351. DOI: 10.1016/s0099-2399(88) 80196-1.
  8. Thompson SA. An overview of nickel–titanium alloys used in dentistry. Int Endod J 2000;33(4):297–310. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2591.2000.00339.x.
  9. Gavini G, Santos MD, Caldeira CL, et al. Nickel–titanium instruments in endodontics: a concise review of the state of the art. Braz Oral Res 2018;32(Suppl. 1):e67. DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2018.vol32.0067.
  10. Shaping and cleaning of the radicular space: instruments and techniques. In: Grossman's endodontic practice. 13th ed. Wolters Kluwer India Pvt. Ltd.; 2014. p. 291.
  11. Panchal V, Jeevanandan G, Erulappan SM. Comparison between the effectiveness of rotary and manual instrumentation in primary teeth: a systematic review. Int J Clin Pediat Dent 2019;12(4):340. DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1637.
  12. Acharya N, Hasan MR, Kafle D, et al. Effect of hand and rotary instruments on the fracture resistance of teeth: an in vitro study. Dent J 2020;8(2):38. DOI: 10.3390/dj8020038.
  13. Ghivari SB, Kubasad GC, Deshpande P. Comparative evaluation of apical extrusion of bacteria using hand and rotary systems: an in vitro study. J Conserv Dent 2012;15(1):32. DOI: 10.4103/0972-0707.92603.
  14. Gluskin AH, Brown DC, Buchanan LS. A reconstructed computerized tomographic comparison of Ni–Ti rotary GT™ files versus traditional instruments in canals shaped by novice operators. Int Endod J 2001;34(6):476–484. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2591.2001.00422.x.
  15. Isom TL, Marshall JG, Baumgartner JC. Evaluation of root thickness in curved canals after flaring. J Endod 1995;21(7):368–371. DOI: 10.1016/S0099-2399(06)80972-6.
  16. Hargreaves KM, Berman LH. Cleaning and shaping the root canal system. In: Cohens pathways of pulp. 11th ed. Elsevier Inc.; 2016. p. 209–279.
  17. Peters OA, Paqué F. Current developments in rotary root canal instrument technology and clinical use: a review. Quintessence Int 2010;41(6):479–488. PMID: 20490390.
  18. Andreasen GF, Hilleman TB. An evaluation of 55 cobalt substituted Nitinol wire for use in orthodontics. J Am Dent Assoc 1971;82(6): 1373–1375. DOI: 10.14219/jada.archive.1971.0209.
  19. Civjan S, Huget EF, DeSimon LB. Potential applications of certain nickel-titanium (nitinol) alloys. J Dent Res 1975;54(1):89–96. DOI: 10.1177/00220345750540014301.
  20. Park H. A comparison of Greater Taper files, ProFiles, and stainless steel files to shape curved root canals. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2001;91(6):715–718. DOI: 10.1067/moe.2001.114159.
  21. Yun HH, Kim SK. A comparison of the shaping abilities of 4 nickel-titanium rotary instruments in simulated root canals. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2003;95(2):228–233. DOI: 10.1067/moe.2003.92.
  22. Hata G, Hayami S, Weine FS, et al. Effectiveness of oxidative potential water as a root canal irrigant. Int Endod J 2001;34(4):308–317. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2591.2001.00395.x.
  23. Peters OA, Schönenberger K, Laib A. Effects of four Ni–Ti preparation techniques on root canal geometry assessed by micro computed tomography. Int Endod J 2001;34(3):221–230. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2591.2001.00373.x.
  24. Yguel-Henry S, Vannesson H, Von Stebut J. High precision, simulated cutting efficiency measurement of endodontic root canal instruments: influence of file configuration and lubrication. J Endod 1990;16(9):418–422. DOI: 10.1016/S0099-2399(06)81883-2.
  25. Bergmans L, Van Cleynenbreugel J, Beullens M, et al. Progressive versus constant tapered shaft design using NiTi rotary instruments. Int Endod J 2003;36(4):288–295. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2591.2003.00650.x.
  26. Rubio J, Zarzosa JI, Pallares A. Comparison of shaping ability of 10 rotary and reciprocating systems: an in vitro study with AutoCAD Acta Stomatol Croat 2017;51(3):207–216. DOI: 10.15644/asc51/3/4.
  27. Fayyad DM, Elgendy AA. Cutting efficiency of twisted versus machined nickel-titanium endodontic files. Journal of endodontics. 2011 Aug 1;37(8):1143–1146. PMID: 21763910.
  28. Thompson SA, Dummer PM. Shaping ability of Hero 642 rotary nickel–titanium instruments in simulated root canals: Part 2. Int Endod J 2000;33(3):255–261. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2591.2000.00288.x.
  29. Hülsmann M, Schade M, Schäfers F. A comparative study of root canal preparation with HERO 642 and Quantec SC rotary Ni–Ti instruments. Int Endod J 2001;34(7):538–546. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365- 2591.2001.00431.x.
  30. Hübscher W, Barbakow F, Peters OA. Root-canal preparation with FlexMaster: canal shapes analysed by micro-computed tomography. Int Endod J 2003;36(11):740–747. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365- 2591.2003.00723.x.
  31. Schäfer E, Schulz-Bongert U, Tulus G. Comparison of hand stainless steel and nickel titanium rotary instrumentation: a clinical study. J Endod 2004;30(6):432–435. DOI: 10.1097/00004770-200406000- 00014.
  32. Merrett SJ, Bryant ST, Dummer PM. Comparison of the shaping ability of RaCe and FlexMaster rotary nickel-titanium systems in simulated canals. J Endod 2006;32(10):960–962. DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2006.03.002.
  33. Sharma P, Goel M, Verma S, et al. Entering a new era in endodontics with revolutionary single file systems: a comprehensive review. EC Dental Sci 2016;5:1100–1122. Corpus ID: 212545477.
  34. Thomas JP, Lynch M, Paurazas S, Askar M. Micro–computed Tomographic Evaluation of the Shaping Ability of WaveOne Gold, TRUShape, EdgeCoil, and XP-3D Shaper Endodontic Files in Single, Oval-shaped Canals: An In Vitro Study. Journal of endodontics. 2020 Feb 1;46(2):244–251.
  35. Loushine RJ, Weller RN, Hartwell GR. Stereomicroscopic evaluation of canal shape following hand, sonic, and ultrasonic instrumentation. J Endod 1989;15(9):417–421. DOI: 10.1016/s0099-2399(89)80175-x.
  36. McCann JT, Keller DL, LaBounty GL. Remaining dentin/cementum thickness after hand or ultrasonic instrumentation. J Endod 1990;16(3):109–113. DOI: 10.1016/S0099-2399(06)81584-0.
  37. Zmener O, Banegas G. Comparison of three instrumentation techniques in the preparation of simulated curved root canals. Int Endod J 1996;29(5):315–319. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.1996.tb01391.x.
  38. Metzger Z. The self-adjusting file (SAF) system: An evidence-based update. Journal of conservative dentistry: JCD. 2014 Sep;17(5):401. PMID: 25298639.
  39. Peters OA, Peters CI, Schonenberger K, et al. ProTaper rotary root canal preparation: assessment of torque and force in relation to canal anatomy. Int Endod J 2003;36(2):93–99. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365- 2591.2003.00628.x.
  40. De-Deus G, Barino B, Zamolyi RQ, et al. Suboptimal debridement quality produced by the single-file F2 ProTaper technique in oval- shaped canals. J Endod 2010;36(11):1897–1900. DOI: 10.1016/j. joen.2010.08.009.
  41. Paqué F, Balmer M, Attin T, et al. Preparation of oval-shaped root canals in mandibular molars using nickel-titanium rotary instruments: a micro-computed tomography study. J Endod 2010;36(4):703–707. DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2009.12.020.
  42. Paqué F, Peters OA. Micro–computed tomography evaluation of the preparation of long oval root canals in mandibular molars with the self-adjusting file. J Endod 2011;37(4):517–521. DOI: 10.1016/j. joen.2010.12.011.
  43. Siqueira Jr JF, Alves FR, Almeida BM, et al. Ability of chemomechanical preparation with either rotary instruments or self-adjusting file to disinfect oval-shaped root canals. J Endod 2010;36(11):1860–1865. DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2010.08.001.
  44. Shemesh H, Bier CA, Wu MK, et al. The effects of canal preparation and filling on the incidence of dentinal defects. Int Endod J 2009;42(3):208–213. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2008.01502.x.
  45. Bier CA, Shemesh H, Tanomaru-Filho M, et al. The ability of different nickel-titanium rotary instruments to induce dentinal damage during canal preparation. J Endod 2009;35(2):236–238. DOI: 10.1016/j. joen.2008.10.021.
  46. Metzger Z, Zary R, Cohen R, et al. The quality of root canal preparation and root canal obturation in canals treated with rotary versus self-adjusting files: a three-dimensional micro-computed tomographic study. J Endod 2010;36(9):1569–1573. DOI: 10.1016/j. joen.2010.06.003.
  47. De-Deus G, Souza EM, Barino B, et al. The self-adjusting file optimizes debridement quality in oval-shaped root canals. J Endod 2011;37(5):701–705. DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2011.02.001.
  48. Adorno CG, Yoshioka T, Suda H. Crack initiation on the apical root surface caused by three different nickel-titanium rotary files at different working lengths. J Endod 2011;37(4):522–525. DOI: 10.1016/j. joen.2010.12.002.
  49. Yoldas O, Yilmaz S, Atakan G, et al. Dentinal microcrack formation during root canal preparations by different NiTi rotary instruments and the self-adjusting file. J Endod 2012;38(2):232–235. DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2011.10.011.
  50. Hin ES, Wu MK, Wesselink PR, et al. Effects of self-adjusting file, Mtwo, and ProTaper on the root canal wall. J Endod 2013;39(2):262–264. DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2012.10.020. During root canal preparations by different NiTi rotary instruments and the self-adjusting file. J Endod 2012;38(2):232–235. DOI: 10.1016/j. joen.2011.10.011.
  51. Çapar İD, Ari Aydinbelge H. Effectiveness of various irrigation activation protocols and the self-adjusting file system on smear layer and debris removal. Scanning 2014;36(6):640–647. DOI: 10.1002/sca.21171.
  52. Metzger Z. From files to SAF: 3D endodontic treatment is possible at last. Alpha Omegan 2011;104(1–2):36–44. PMID: 21905365.
  53. Adigüzel Ö. A literature review of self adjusting file. Int Dent Res 2011;1(1):18–25. DOI: 10.5577/intdentres.2011. vol1.no1.4.
  54. Yesh S, Code QR. Self-adjusting file system: a review. Int. Journal of Biomedical and Advance Research 2018;9(4):128–131.
  55. Peters OA, Paque F: Root canal preparation of maxillary molars with the self-adjusting file: a micro-computed tomography study. J Endod 37:53, 2011.
  56. Lin J, Shen Y, Haapasalo M: A comparative study of biofilm removal with hand, rotary nickel-titanium, a self-adjusting file instrumentation using a novel in vitro biofilm model, J Endod 2013;39:658.
  57. Versiani MA, Leoni GB, Steier L, et al. Micro–computed tomography study of oval-shaped canals prepared with the self-adjusting File, Reciproc, WaveOne, and Protaper universal systems. J Endod 2013;39(8):1060–1066. DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2013.04.009.
  58. Metzger Z, Teperovich E, Cohen R, et al. The self-adjusting file (SAF). Part 3: removal of debris and smear layer—a scanning electron microscope study. J Endod 2010;36(4):697–702. DOI: 10.1016/j. joen.2009.12.037.
  59. Metzger Z, Teperovich E, Zary R, et al. The self-adjusting file (SAF). Part 1: respecting the root canal anatomy—a new concept of endodontic files and its implementation. J Endod 2010;36(4):679–690. DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2009.12.036.
  60. Neves MA, Rôças IN, Siqueira Jr JF. Clinical antibacterial effectiveness of the self-adjusting file system. Int Endod J 2014;47(4):356–365. DOI: 10.1111/iej.12151.
  61. Al-Gharrawi HA, Abbas FS. An evaluation of canal transportation and centering ability at different levels of root canals prepared by self-adjusting file using computed tomography (A comparative study). Computerized tomography (CT). 2014;10:11.
  62. De-Deus G, Accorsi-Mendonça T, e Silva LD, et al. Self-adjusting file cleaning-shaping-irrigation system improves root-filling bond strength. J Endod 2013;39(2):254–257. DOI: 10.1016/j.joen. 2012.10.026.
  63. De Carvalho GM, Junior ECS, Garrido ADB, et al. Apical transportation, centering ability, and cleaning effectiveness of reciprocating single- file system associated with different glide path techniques. J Endod 2015;41(12):2045–2049. DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.09.005.
  64. Bayram HM, Bayram E, Ocak M, Uygun AD, Celik HH. Effect of ProTaper Gold, Self-Adjusting File, and XP-endo Shaper instruments on dentinal microcrack formation: a micro–computed tomographic study. Journal of endodontics. 2017 Jul 1;43(7):1166–1169. PMID: 28476466.
  65. Shah DY, Wadekar SI, Dadpe AM, et al. Canal transportation and centering ability of protaper and self-adjusting file system in long oval canals: an ex-vivo cone-beam computed tomography analysis. J Conserv Dent 2017;20(2):105–109.
  66. Paqué F, Boessler C, Zehnder M. Accumulated hard tissue debris levels in mesial roots of mandibular molars after sequential irrigation steps. Int Endod J 2011;44(2):148–153. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365- 2591.2010.01823.x.
  67. Paqué F, Al-Jadaa A, Kfir A. Hard-tissue debris accumulation created by conventional rotary versus self-adjusting file instrumentation in mesial root canal systems of mandibular molars. Int Endod J 2012;45(5):413–418. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2011.01991.x.
  68. Solomonov M, Paqué F, Fan B, et al. The challenge of C-shaped canal systems: a comparative study of the self-adjusting file and ProTaper. J Endod 2012;38(2):209–214. DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2011.10.022.
  69. Abramovitz I, Relles-Bonar S, Baransi B, et al. The effectiveness of a self-adjusting file to remove residual gutta-percha after retreatment with rotary files. Int Endod J 2012;45(4):386–392. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2011.01988.x.
  70. De-Deus GA, Silva EJ, Moreira EJ, et al. Assessment of apically extruded debris produced by the self-adjusting file system. J Endod 2014;40(4):526–529. DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2013.07.031.
  71. Saha SG, Gupta RK, Bhardwaj A, et al. Comparison of the incidence of postoperative pain after using a continuous rotary system, a reciprocating system, and a Self-Adjusting File system in single-visit endodontics: a prospective randomized clinical trial. J Conserv Dent 2018;21(3):333. DOI: 10.4103/JCD.JCD_336_17.
  72. Kaya E, Elbay M, Yiğit D. Evaluation of the Self-Adjusting File system (SAF) for the instrumentation of primary molar root canals A micro-computed tomographic study. Eur J Paediatr Dent 2017;18:105. PMID: 28598180.
  73. Sivabakya TK, Hemasathya B, Balagopal S. LESS IS MORE–SINGLE FILE SYSTEM IN ENDODONTICS–A REVIEW. Journal of Clinical Dental Updates and Research. 2016;7(2):31–6.
  74. Singh K, Bindra SS, Singh G, Kaur H. Endodontic rotary systems-a review. Journal of Advanced Medical and Dental Sciences Research. 2016 Jul 1;4(4):62.
  75. Tinoco JM, De-Deus G, Tinoco EM, Saavedra F, Fidel RA, Sassone LM. Apical extrusion of bacteria when using reciprocating single-file and rotary multifile instrumentation systems. International Endodontic Journal. 2014 Jun;47(6):560–566.
  76. Parashos P, Gordon I, Messer HH. Factors influencing defects of rotary nickel-titanium endodontic instruments after clinical use. Journal of endodontics. 2004 Oct 1;30(10):722–725.
  77. Cunha RS, Junaid A, Ensinas P, Nudera W, da Silveira Bueno CE. Assessment of the separation incidence of reciprocating WaveOne files: a prospective clinical study. Journal of endodontics. 2014 Jul 1;40(7):922–924.
  78. Plotino G, Grande NM, Porciani PF. Deformation and fracture incidence of R eciproc instruments: a clinical evaluation. International endodontic journal. 2015 Feb;48(2):199–205.
  79. McGuigan MB, Louca C, Duncan HF. Endodontic instrument fracture: causes and prevention. British dental journal. 2013 Apr;214(7):341–348.
  80. Solomonov M, Ben-Itzhak J, Kfir A, Von Stetten O, Lipatova E, Farmakis ET. Self-adjusting file (SAF) separation in clinical use: A preliminary survey among experienced SAF users regarding prevalence and retrieval methods. Journal of conservative dentistry: JCD. 2015 May;18(3):200.
  81. de Melo Ribeiro MV, Silva-Sousa YT, Versiani MA, Lamira A, Steier L, Pécora JD, de Sousa-Neto MD. Comparison of the cleaning efficacy of self-adjusting file and rotary systems in the apical third of oval-shaped canals. Journal of Endodontics. 2013 Mar 1;39(3):398.
PDF Share
PDF Share

© Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) LTD.